Thursday 1 March 2012

nehru/gandhi dynasty and their contribution

Nehru/ Gandhi family has always been on target by the opposition and criticised for their dynasty rule which i totally disagree with.what surprises me the most  , that they tend to  forget the contribution made by the family in  freedom movement of India and the lives they sacrificed for the country.here are certain details from the history that i would like to share about this family, that makes this family stand out from rest of the lot ,the political leaders


                                                                
Motilal Nehru  an early Indian freedom fighter and leader of the Indian National Congress ,a patriarch of India's most powerful political family, born in Delhi, to a Kashmiri Brahmin family,he twice served as President of the Congress Party. He was also arrested during the Non-Cooperation Movement. . Motital joined the Swaraj Party, which sought to enter the British-sponsored councils, if only in order to wreck the government. The party failed however, and Motilal returned to the Congress. The entry of Motilal's glamorous, highly-educated young son Jawaharlal Nehru into politics in 1916, created a celebrative atmosphere, giving birth to the most powerful and influential Indian political dynasties.

Motilal Nehru chaired the famous Nehru Commission in 1928, that was a counter to the all-British Simon Commission. Nehru's Report, the first constitution written by Indians only, conceived a dominion status for India within the Empire, akin to Australia, New Zealand and Canada. It was endorsed by the Congress Party, but rejected by more radical Indians who sought complete independence, and by many Muslims who didn't feel their interests, concerns and rights were properly represented. Motilal Nehru's age and declining health kept him out of the historic events of 1929-1931, when the Congress adopted complete independence as its goal and when Gandhi launched the Salt Satyagraha. He was arrested in 1930, however, after his son was arrested. He died on February 6, 1931. Nehru is largely remembered for being the patriarch of India's most powerful political family that has produced three Prime Ministers and still controls the Congress Party

                                                                    
 Jawaharlal Nehru  born into politics , being a son of veteran Congressman and committed to the cause of India's freedom for a very long time.   He  realised that the direct application of Socialist measures would not suit India's socio-economic profile. It was at that time that he found a direction in the mode of civil resistance as preached by Gandhi. Gandhi's success in Champaran and Ahmedabad renewed and established his belief in Satyagraha.  he decided to whole-heartedly commit himself to the cause of Indian freedom.The first big involvement of Jawaharlal Nehru came at the onset of the non-cooperation movement in 1920.  Nehru was arrested on charges of anti-governmental activities and was released a few months later. In the rift formed within the Congress following the sudden closure of the non-cooperation movement after the Chauri Chaura incident, Nehru remained loyal to Gandhi's camp and denied to join the Swaraj Party formed by Motilal Nehru and CR Das. After his release, Nehru's fame as a dynamic Congress leader was well-established. He soon became the President of the Allahabad Congress Committee in 1923.  Nehru was intent on complete freedom and believed in giving an ultimatum to the British Government to grant India dominion status.

The Lahore Congress of 1929 was monumental in the political career of Nehru as well as the history of India's freedom struggle. Nehru was elected the president of Congress for the first time at a young age of forty. He used the platform of the Lahore conference to declare the goal of complete freedom or Purna Swaraj. The Civil Disobedience movement was formally launched after the Lahore Congress, and Nehru whole heartedly plunged himself in the non-violent protests and picketing that took the nation by storm. Nehru was arrested again in 1930, beginning the second and the longest phase of his prison stays. On his release, he formed the Socialist party within the Congress and insisted on more stern and immediate measures to realise the goal of India's freedom.
 With Bose and Gandhi forming the two feuding camps, Nehru was once more faced with a political dilemma. However, he decided to side with Gandhi and his methods. Bose resigned as the Congress president, and Nehru's status in the Congress reached a height previously unattained. This year started a new phase in Nehru's career, especially after his denial to come to a compromise with the Muslim League.

With the clouds of World War II looming large in the horizon, Nehru's skill in international relations would be tested once more. Nehru did not support Bose's policy of siding with the Axis forces, and intended to extend support to the Allies. In the mean time, the Second Round Table conference failed and Gandhi launched the Quit India movement in 1942. Nehru was arrested and was released only in 1945. By the time the World War II was over and the new Labor Government of Britain seemed willing to grant India its long deserved freedom. However, the British Government wanted to adopt a policy of waiting and watching the result of the general elections of 1945.
Nehru was once again at the center of activities. He was arrested. His refusal to comply with Jinnah's claims made partition inevitable, as Jinnah called for direct action. Although his fight for Indian freedom stood on the verge of success, Nehru knew his work was far from over. He had to build a new India and had to guide the nascent economy towards success.
Many women of the Nehru family too had joined the Civil Disobedience Movement. Kamala Nehru, Jawaharlal Nehru's wife gave full support to her husband in his desire to work actively for the freedom struggle.   born and brought up in a traditional Hindu Brahmin family, she felt alienated amongst the more Westernized Nehrus. It was only with the involvement of the Nehrus in the national movement, that she emerged into the forefront. In the Non Cooperation movement of 1921, she organized groups of women in Allahabad and picketed shops selling foreign cloth and liquor. When her husband was arrested to prevent him delivering a "seditious" public speech, she went in his place to read it out. She was twice arrested by British authorities.
Jawaharlal Nehur's sister Vijayalakshmi Pandit also joined Non Cooperation Movement. She was arrested in 1932 and sent to and sentenced to one year's rigorous imprisonment. She was arrested in 1940, and yet again during the Quit India Movement. She attended the Pacific Relations Conference at Hot Springs, U.S.A. as leader of the Indian delegation sponsored by the Indian Council of World Affairs. She was present in San Francisco when the U.N first met there, and through numerous well attended public lectures she challenged the British dominated delegates rights to represent India therein.She also played a great role in the freedom movement. She was elected to Uttar Pradesh Assembly in 1936 and in 1946. She was the first woman in India to hold a ministerial rank. She was imprisoned thrice for taking part in the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1932. 1941 and 1942. After Independence, she continued to serve the country. She was the first woman to become president of the United Nations General Assembly
The most remarkable of women in modern India’s was Indira Gandhi who from her early years was active in the national liberation struggle. During the 1930 movement, she formed the ‘Vanar Sena’. A children’s brigade to help freedom fighters.

Her public activity entered a new phase with India’s Independence in 1947. She took over the responsibility of running the Prime Minister’s House. The Congress, which had been her political home ever since her childhood, soon drew her into leading political roles, first as member of the Congress Working Committee in 1955 and later as member of the Central Parliamentary Board in 1958. In 1959, she was elected President of the Indian National Congress. She oriented Congress thinking and action towards basic issues confronting Indian society and enthused the younger generation the task of nation-building.
Her son Rajeev Gandhi took office after his mother's assassination on 31 October 1984; he himself was assassinated on 21 May 1991. He became the youngest Prime Minister of India when he took office at the age of 40
Rajiv Gandhi led the Congress to a major election victory in 1984  He contributed towards dismantling the Licence raj government quotas, tariffs and permit regulations on economic activity - modernized the telecommunications industry, the education system, expanded science and technology initiatives and improved relations with the United States.
In 1988, Rajiv reversed the coup in Maldives antagonising the militant Tamil outfits such as PLOTE. He was also responsible for first intervening and then sending Indian troops (Indian Peace Keeping Force or IPKF) for peace efforts in Sri Lanka in 1987, which soon ended in open conflict with the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) group.
while campaigning in 1991Rajiv Gandhi  was assassinated by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE or Tamil Tigers) group. His widow Sonia Gandhi became the leader of the Congress party in 1998, and led the party to victory in the 2004 elections.

photo credit google

53 comments:

  1. You post is so well written. India has such a rich history and we often miscredit our historical figures. Thanks for superb eloquent reminder! I love the easy entertaining style. We can't forget, India is the country of dirty politics. So no matter how much the Nehru-Gandhi family has done for the nation, it's what they didn't/don't fo that makes the headlines :)
    Good going! keen to read more from you!

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    Replies
    1. yeah i totally agree , most of us look at the empty glass, thats law of nature :)thank you sooo much for your kind words and following teacher.

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  2. Very well written , detailed yet simple post. Very crisp.. loved it.
    your newest follower and a regular visitor now. Glad to have found you at indiblogger.
    cheers,
    Kajal

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    Replies
    1. thank you sooo much kajal for following and your support..i really value your comments.

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  3. It is also widely believed that if Nehru had allowed India to conclude 1971 war, Pakistan would have been history today. There might not have been constant uneasiness on the borders that we see today.

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    1. thank you soooo much for your visit and valuable comment ,rajesh...where as 1971 war is concerned , being 2 hour drive away from the border it was an experience..well, where as concluding the war is concerned nehru is believed to have made a bigger blunder than that(so does most of the politicians)at the same time we can ot discredit him and his family for what contribution they have made to the country....yeah when it comes to debate about the blunders i would love to have a healthy debate on that...cheers :)

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  4. That is wrong on PURAN swaraj, That idea was stolen from the martyrs Bhagat singh, He was who asked for full independance and then when congress was losing mileage over it , Nehru had gandhi force to ask for it .. Gandhi was totally against it ..

    moreover the noc clan of Gandhi is NOT Gandhi at all, Indira's husband was FORCED to take up the surnam of Gandhi, he was a muslim and Nehru could not have his daughter marry one .. hence the name change ..

    Moreover the surname NEHRU itself is MADE up, other then this family no one has ever heard of the clan Nehru especially amongst Kashmiri pandits .. because Nehru surname was invented ..

    This family is full of Fake ways of things .. I am sorry I dont accept this that Nehru and gandhi clan did good for the nation NO they have not done , rather we are in a mess because of these Politcians .. yes thats what they were GOOOD ploticians

    The problem is biased researches.. I am sorry I am not with you on this post at all, although the ladies you have mentioned in the post YES they did do a commendable job.

    I wrote a post on Nehru and how it all started , which is a FACT.. have a read http://mannbikram.wordpress.com/2011/11/06/childrens-days-india/

    I have a lot of other pieces also written which can prove otherwise .

    Bikram's

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    Replies
    1. i appreciate your straight forwardness and not agreeing with me Bikram,and why not but since you have mentioned certain points i would like to add whether Nehru or no Nehru clan exists or Indira was married to Feroz ,a muslim who changed his name to Gandhi orPuran Swaraj was a stolen idea by Nehru...but the fact is he did serve in jail for several times,he was a part of freedom movement we can not dis credit him of his effort and where as politicians are concerned ..no one has done no good to our country and i write this blog for reminding people about the freedom struggle,pre independence era ...what ppl went through to free the country we breathe in today....i surely will go through the link you left...and thank you sooooo much for your honest opinion...i hope you r with me on that :)

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  5. i am not into history that much . . but then its inevitable that we read about atleast our country's past right . . your post was enlightening in that regard . . good post :)

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    Replies
    1. thank you sooo much for your support malini.

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  6. Sorry I don't agree with you...With Gandhi its OK but Nehru...no...He did no do any thing good for this country...Kashmir problem is the result of his lust..and no one of his family is ever killed in terror attacks that are results of this dispute...just ask the families who have lost their members in the wars...I have lost a friend...and I hate Gandhi-Nehru family..

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    1. sure Himanshu , as a citizen of a democratic country you have a right to speak out you thoughts and express your love or hatred for some one...now about Nehru,no matter what you say but you can not ignore the fact he was improsened several times for this country,and where as Kashmir issue is concerned ,most ppl are ignorant of certain facts that follow

      Many people erroneously believe that because India was partitioned on the basis of 'Two Nations Theory', and Kashmir being a Muslim majority state, therefore it should become part of Pakistan. But, either they don't know or they fail to understand that the 'Two Nations Theory' was not applicable to Princely States, including Kashmir. The founder of Pakistan Mohammed Ali Jinnah explained that in an interview held on 17 June 1947, he said:

      "After the lapse of paramountcy the Indian States would be constitutionally and legally sovereign States and free to adopt for themselves any course they wished. It is open to the States to join Hindustan, Pakistan or to decide to remain independent.In my opinion they are free to remain independent if they so desire."

      It must be noted that Mr. Jinnah was a brilliant constitutional lawyer of his time, and he as the President of Muslim League, and as a lawyer believed that the 'Two Nations Theory' did not apply to the Princely States, including Kashmir.

      Furthermore, the last Viceroy to India, Mountabatten, in his speech to Chamber Of Princes made on 25 June 1947, said:

      "...... The Indian Independence Act releases the States from all their obligations to the Crown. The States will have complete freedom - technically and legally they become independent."





      (excerpts from Legal and ConstitutionalPosition of Kashmir)

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    2. These quotations from two most important leaders of the time clearly show that the "Two Nations Theory' did not apply to Kashmir, and that after the lapse of Paramountcy, all the States which did not accede to either India or Pakistan, became independent. History tells us that the Maharaja of Kashmir did not accede to any country before the lapse of Paramountcy, and he became an independent ruler.

      The Indian claim to Kashmir is based on very controversial and 'forced accession' to India made by the Maharaja on 26 October 1947, when he was fleeing his Capital, Srinagar. The Kashmiri people rejected this 'accession', and so did Pakistan (the other contender of Kashmir) and the world community in the United Nations. Even the Indian leaders rejected this 'accession', Pandit Nehru, the Prime Minister of India said:

      "We have declared that the fate of Kashmir is ultimately to be decided by the people. That pledge we have given (and the Maharaja has supported it) not only to the people of Kashmir but to the world. We will not and cannot back out of it. We are prepared, when peace and order have been established, to have referendum held under international auspices like the UN. We want it to-be a fair and just reference to the people and we shall accept their verdict."
      Nehru's telegram No Primim 304 dated 8 November 1947This clearly demonstrates that even the Indian government did not think that so called 'accession' was fair or final, otherwise no country agrees to hold a plebiscite to determine the future status of an area which is its legal and constitutional part.

      This brief background explains that Kashmir is not legal or constitutional part of either India or Pakistan, and that the 'Two Nations Theory' was not applicable to the State of Jammu And Kashmir. So when examining the possible solutions of the Kashmir dispute the above facts must be taken into account.

      And being from J&K STATE , I KNOW THAT PEOPLE OF THAT STATE DONT WANT THE STATE TO BE ANNEXED WITH PAKISTAN BUT THEY WANT AZAD KASHMIR(FREE KASHMIR)AND LETS ALSO NOT IGNORE THE FACT INDIRA GANDHI WAS SLAIN FOR THE BOLD STEP SHE TOOK TOWARDS FREEING PNB FROM TERRORISTS SO WAS RAJIV GANDHI BY TAMILS,BOTH DID NOT DIE A NATURAL DEATH....YES I HAVE ALL THE SYMPATHY WITH YOU FOR LOSING A FRIEND AND WITH THE FAMILIES WHO LOST THEIR KIN IN THE WAR BUT LETS NOT BE TOO INSENSITIVE TOWARDS THIS FAMILY, RAJIV GANDHI WAS BLOWN TO SHREDS AND I AM SURE GANDHIS HAVE A HEART TOO THAT BETS LIKE EVERY ONE ELSE.

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  7. Wow! Is this your new blog Alka?! :) I love it! I mean,this country is quiet obsessed with the unnecessary strings attached to the Gandhi/Nehru dynasty!! So your post is like a breath of fresh air..throwing light on what they've done. I'm on the neutral side however :)

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    1. i try to look at facts..if i have the courage to appreciate their good deeds , i do have the courage to condemn them for their wrong deeds as well.

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  8. I love this post for various reasons. India has never understood the genius of Nehru who wrote wonderful books sitting in the jail fighting for India's independence. India is a funny country.

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    1. you are abs right matheikal , most ppl talk about their mistakes but lets not forget their contribution .

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  9. it was as if reading pages from my history books in school...

    very well written!

    you did not mention about Sanjay Gandhi at all ?

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    1. rahul,i could not think of any contribution made by Sanjay Gandhi...although i admire him for his actions which are condemned by most ppl .

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  10. you have covered so many aspects of this obsession with the gandhi family, elaborately written Alka, shows your support

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    1. Sujatha,though i believe in cong ideology but this particular blog is about reminding the pre independence era , about the people who fought and what they went through to free our country.

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  11. Lot of insights...

    spell error in post URL (nehtu instead of nehru)..sadly blogger doesnt allow fixing it

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  12. Did u miss Indira deliberately? I thought she was the most charismatic of them all...
    An article on what Rahul and Priyanka can do to alleviate the failing fortunes of the Congress would be welcome too...

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  13. Very Informative- both the post and your reply to one of the comments on Kashmir. However I would like to point out that opposition does not question Nehru family's contribution to freedom. It acknowledges the same. They question some of the post-independence decisions of Nehru- like appointing Gopalswamy Ayyangar to deal with Kashmir issue without informing Patel, negotiating separately with Sheik Abdulla the Kashmir Status whereas similar issues of other States were handled by Patel, believing China and later after losing territory consoling himself that "not even a blade of grass will grow there",etc.
    Of course I hope you would not mind the opposition's criticism of descendants of Jawaharlal Nehru-be it Indira or Rajiv or Rahul.

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  14. In case you haven't you should read about mutniy of Indian armed forces personnel in 1946 and how it forced the British to pay heed to demands for freedom.
    Also read about Gandhi's comments about the mutiny which played a pivotal role in winning us freedom.
    Even if we agree that Nehru, Indira were great, its no reason to praise COngress and present gandhi fmily for it

    ReplyDelete
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  22. If going to jail a couple of time, and actually getting all the time in the world to write a book is a great contribution to the freedom struggle, i am afraid what are matyrs like bhagat singh, maniram dewan, chandrasekhar's contribution to the freedom struggle is. India and Indians have given the Nehru Gadhi family enough dues for their so called sacrifices. If Nehru was a true selfless leader, the lure of being Indias first PM should not have stopped him to consider Sardar Patel, the choice of the hour to be the PM instead. His momentary silence coaxed Gandhi to commit the country's biggest blunder, of which we are suffering till today.

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